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What role do enzymes have the cell?
reduce the amount of energy required for activation
List of biochemical events in the correct sequence?
Signal reception by receptor proteins on the cell membrane Activation of signaling cascades inside the cell Amplification of the signal through secondary messengers Regulation of gene expression or activation of specific cellular responses
When a signal molecule binds to a receptor protein the receptor protein may change the?
shape, leading to activation of signaling cascades within the cell. This activation can lead to changes in cell behavior or gene expression.
Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
What are the double signals in T cell activation?
T cells receive 3 signals during activation:1. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) presenting an antigen (foreign peptide) to the T cell receptor2. The co-stimulatory signal (B7 on the dendritic cell binding to CD28 on the T cell)The first signal ensures that the T cell is specific for the antigen it has been presented.The T cell cannot be activated without also recieveing the second signal. This is how the T cell checks that it has been presented an antigen by a "professional" antigen presenting cell.3. Cytokines (signalling molecules) are released by the dendritic cell - these cause the differentiation of the T cell
Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?
Protein synthesis is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction. The essential factors include binding of the hormone to its receptor, conformational changes in the receptor, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
What is activation energy and how does it relate to cell metabolism?
Activation energy is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. In cell metabolism, enzymes lower the activation energy needed for reactions to occur, allowing them to proceed at a faster rate. This enables biological processes to efficiently convert molecules into products such as energy or building blocks for the cell.
How do enzymes function in speeding up a chemical reaction within a cell?
They lower the activation energy required to perform the reaction.
How does activation energy relate to cell metabolism?
Activation energy is the energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction. In cell metabolism, enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, allowing them to proceed at a faster rate. This enables cells to efficiently carry out the necessary biochemical processes to sustain life.
What transmits information into a cell by binding to signal molecules?
One of the most common molecules of the cell that transmit information from outside to inside are transmembrane receptors. Typically, a ligand will bind to to exterior portion and trigger receptor activation, leading to downstream signaling within the cell.
What will happen to the next nerve cell whet it gets 'hit' by neurotransmitters?
When a nerve cell is hit by neurotransmitters, it can undergo changes in its electrical potential, leading to a signal transmission along the cell. This signal can trigger various cellular responses, such as the release of other neurotransmitters, activation of signaling pathways, or even changes in gene expression. Ultimately, these cellular responses contribute to the communication within the nervous system.
What is a word that means a white blood cell that makes antibodies?
A B-cell or B-lymphocyte. Technically, resting B-cells do not make antibodies, they mostly hang out in lymph nodes and wait for an activation signal from helper T cells. Once they get the activation signal, they differentiate into plasma cells, which do make antibodies.
