The first signal required to activate a T cell is MHC(Major Histocompatibility Complex) presenting an antigen(foreign peptide) to the T cell receptor.
reduce the amount of energy required for activation
Signal reception by receptor proteins on the cell membrane Activation of signaling cascades inside the cell Amplification of the signal through secondary messengers Regulation of gene expression or activation of specific cellular responses
shape, leading to activation of signaling cascades within the cell. This activation can lead to changes in cell behavior or gene expression.
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
T cells receive 3 signals during activation:1. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) presenting an antigen (foreign peptide) to the T cell receptor2. The co-stimulatory signal (B7 on the dendritic cell binding to CD28 on the T cell)The first signal ensures that the T cell is specific for the antigen it has been presented.The T cell cannot be activated without also recieveing the second signal. This is how the T cell checks that it has been presented an antigen by a "professional" antigen presenting cell.3. Cytokines (signalling molecules) are released by the dendritic cell - these cause the differentiation of the T cell
Protein synthesis is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction. The essential factors include binding of the hormone to its receptor, conformational changes in the receptor, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
Activation energy is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. In cell metabolism, enzymes lower the activation energy needed for reactions to occur, allowing them to proceed at a faster rate. This enables biological processes to efficiently convert molecules into products such as energy or building blocks for the cell.
They lower the activation energy required to perform the reaction.
Activation energy is the energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction. In cell metabolism, enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, allowing them to proceed at a faster rate. This enables cells to efficiently carry out the necessary biochemical processes to sustain life.
One of the most common molecules of the cell that transmit information from outside to inside are transmembrane receptors. Typically, a ligand will bind to to exterior portion and trigger receptor activation, leading to downstream signaling within the cell.
When a nerve cell is hit by neurotransmitters, it can undergo changes in its electrical potential, leading to a signal transmission along the cell. This signal can trigger various cellular responses, such as the release of other neurotransmitters, activation of signaling pathways, or even changes in gene expression. Ultimately, these cellular responses contribute to the communication within the nervous system.
A B-cell or B-lymphocyte. Technically, resting B-cells do not make antibodies, they mostly hang out in lymph nodes and wait for an activation signal from helper T cells. Once they get the activation signal, they differentiate into plasma cells, which do make antibodies.