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The sino-atrial node (SAN) sends and electrical impulse across the atria which allows the muscles in the walls to contract, when this happens the pressure in the chamber increases as the volume decreases, thus pushing the blood through the semi-lunar valves into the ventricle. This process is atrial systole.

The impulse then travels to the Atrio-ventricular node (AVN) where it pauses whilst the ventricles fill up with blood, it then travels through the bundle of His and purkinje fibres in the septum before spreading across the ventricles causing a contraction of the muscles in the walls. As before, in ventricle systole the decreased volume results in increased pressure thus pushing the blood into the valves where it will be pumped to the lungs or the body (depending on which circulation). When this contraction happens blood forces the atrioventricular valves closed to prevent backflow and the same for the semi-lunar valves when the arteries contract. It OS this action that produces the lud-dud sound you hear.

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