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The infectious dose of botulism varies depending on the type of botulinum toxin involved, but it is generally considered to be very low. For adults, ingestion of as little as 0.1 to 1 nanogram of the toxin can be lethal. In infants, botulism is primarily caused by the ingestion of spores rather than the toxin itself, and even a small number of spores can lead to illness. Due to its potency, botulinum toxin is one of the most toxic substances known.

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