Hematoma formation, cellular proliferation, callus formation, ossification, remodeling
The order of stages of bone fracture healing is formation of a hematoma, formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus, formation of a bony callus, and, finally, bone remodeling.
Hematoma formation
Reparitive phase - 2nd phase of bone healing
Hematoma formation (when blood rushes from the broken vessels to form a clot) is the first step of fracture healing.
The first event of fracture healing is the formation of a blood clot at the site of the fracture. This initiates the inflammatory response and brings in cells that will start the process of repairing the bone.
The first stage in healing a bone fracture is the inflammatory stage which can last for a few hours or a few days. The second stage is the repair stage and the third stage is the late remodeling stage. The final stage is rehabilitation.
The pathophysiology of a forearm fracture involves the disruption of bone integrity due to an excessive force, which can be classified as either a traumatic or pathological fracture. When the force exceeds the bone's tensile or compressive strength, it results in a break, causing pain, swelling, and loss of function. The fracture triggers a biological response, leading to inflammation and the formation of a hematoma at the fracture site, followed by the activation of osteoblasts and chondroblasts for bone healing. Over time, the fracture site undergoes remodeling as the bone heals and returns to its original strength.
The healing process typically begins as soon as the fracture occurs. The body responds by forming a blood clot or callus at the site of the fracture to stabilize the bone and initiate the repair process. Depending on the severity of the fracture, visible signs of healing, such as bone remodeling and callus formation, may start to occur within a few weeks.
Fracture minerals help in the formation and healing of fractures in rocks by filling in the cracks and strengthening the rock structure. They can also provide clues about the history and conditions of the rock's formation.
-bone breaks-blood vessels tear-blood clots (hematoma)- tissues dialate, swell and inflame.-After a few days/weeks, osteoblasts originating from periosteum invade hematoma and divide close to the new blood vessels, building spongy bone nearby.-granulation tissue develops.-Fibroblasts produce masses of fibrocartilage.-Phagocytic cells remove blood clot and damanged cells. Osteoclasts aid in cleaning up bone fragments/debris.-Fibrocartilage fills gap between ends of broken bones=callus (and will be replaced by bone tissue)-Typically more bone is produced at site of healing fracture.....if broken bones are close together, healing is more rapid than far apart.Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling.
Step 1) Inflammation Step 2) Soft Callus Step 3) Hard Callus Step 4) Remodeling
clean incised wounds heal by first intention.The following changes take place 1.initial hemorrhage resulting in formation of fibrin rich hematoma 2.acute inflammation 3.minimum granulation tissue 4.regeneration of epithelium