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What property of a virus determines its attachment to a host cell membrane?
The specific viral proteins on the surface of the virus determine its attachment to host cell membrane receptors. These proteins bind to complementary host cell receptors, allowing the virus to attach and enter the host cell.
How and why do pathogenic bacteria enter host cells?
Pathogenic bacteria enter host cells basically for "food and shelter", and to hide from the host's immune system. Under normal circumstances, the phagocytic cells of the immune system engulf the bacteria and/or tag them for destruction by other means. This keeps the bacteria away from other cells. Studies indicate however, that pathogenic bacteria enter non-phagocytic cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The bacterium has a surface protein that a protein on the host cell recognizes. The cell is then fooled into believeing that the bacterial protein is one that needs to be destroyed or recycled. Since the cell's protein destruction machinery is inside the cell, it brings the bacterium into the cell via endocytosis. And the rest is history!
What part of a virus does not enter the host?
Generally, the protein coat that surrounds the viral genetic material and any reverse trascriptase enzymes. This capsid stays outside the cell attacked while the genetic material and whatever else is needed is injected into the cell or the capsid merges with the cell membrane and the vital viral material enters the cell.
What is function of the HA protein of influenza virus?
The HA protein of influenza virus mediates viral attachment and entry into host cells by binding to sialic acid receptors on the surface of the host cell. It is a key protein for viral infectivity and is also the primary target for neutralizing antibodies generated by the host immune system.
How does a virus attatch to a host cell?
A virus attaches to a host cell by recognizing and binding to specific proteins or receptors on the cell surface. This attachment is necessary for the virus to enter the host cell and begin the process of infection.
How is the entrance of bacteriophages into their host cell different than the entrance of animal viruses into their host cell?
Bacteriophages enter a host cell by attaching to specific receptors on the surface of bacteria, including lipopolysaccharides, techoic acids, proteins, and flagella. For for a virus to infect a host cell, the cell must have receptors on its surface for the virus to attach to. The receptors are normal molecules involved in routine cellular function, but a portion of the surface of the virus resembles the chemical shape of the body's molecule that would normally bind to the receptor, allowing the binding of the virus to cell to happen.
What are capsid spikes and what are they for?
The spikes you are referring to I am assuming concern viruses. They are located on the envelope surrounding the capsid, typically made up of the host cell material. The spikes themselves are of protein and match with receptors on the host cell. This is kind of like a key to a door. The virus sheds the envelope when entering the host cell, then sheds the capsid, releasing the nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) causing a viral infection to occur.
What interlocks with a molecular shape in a host cell's plasma membrane?
Proteins on the surface of a virus interlock with specific receptor proteins on the host cell's plasma membrane. This interaction is crucial for the virus to gain entry into the host cell and initiate its replication cycle.
Why do viruses depend in host cells?
Viruses are composed of protein and DNA. The DNA encodes the protein as well as the DNA for the virus. Viruses depend on host cells because they are incapable of reproducing themselves. They enter the host cell and the viral DNA is inserted into the host DNA. The virus then "hijacks" the host cells replication machinery to make more viral protein and viral DNA.
What does the protein structure of a virus have to do with the attachment to host cells?
The protein structure of a virus typically includes specific proteins on its outer surface that help it attach to receptors on host cells. This attachment is crucial for the virus to gain entry into the host cell, infect it, and replicate. The binding specificity between viral proteins and host cell receptors is a key determinant of the virus's ability to infect specific cell types.
Why is protein synthesis important for cells and viruses?
Protein synthesis is important for viruses because the virus forces the host cell to make proteins that the cell does not need, but the virus does to repoduce. Protein synthesis is important for cells because the proteins are essential for all cellular activites.
What helps the flu or mumps virus enter and leave the host cell?
Viruses like the flu and mumps enter host cells by binding to specific cell surface receptors. They then gain entry into the cell by either fusing with the cell membrane or being taken up by the cell through endocytosis. To exit the host cell, viruses often hijack the cell's machinery to assemble new viral particles which are then released from the cell either by cell lysis or budding.
