The myelin sheath, an insulating layer around the axon of a neuron, is mainly made up of H20 (40%); the dry mass of myelin is made up of mostly lipids (70 - 80%), and the rest is proteins (30 - 15%). There are three types of myelin protein, one of which is myelin basic protein. The lipid that mostly makes up myelin is called galactocerebroside.
The endoneurium surrounds and protects the myelin sheath.
Protects the axon. The "Myelin Sheath" serves as an insulator to protect nerves.
Axons are surrounded by myelin sheath, a fatty material that insulates and protects the axon. Additionally, axons are also surrounded by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, which help form the myelin sheath.
Myelin Sheath
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A myelin sheath is a layer of myelin (a dielectric, or electric insulator) around the axon of a neuron.
Neurons send their impulses up and down the spinal cord. The myelin sheath is the coating around the spinal cord that protects it, and works to better conduct the signals along the cord. A neuron that has no myelin sheath will have a harder time conducting signals than one that is covered by the sheath.
Adrenomyeloneuropathy is a progressive, X-linked, neurological disorder which deteriorates the myelin sheath which protects the spinal cord.
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