There are different types of forces that must be overcome to either vaporize or melt a given substance. These forces includes the hydrogen bond, the London dispersion forces, and the dipole-dipole forces.
A car must overcome several forces to move, including friction (from the tires on the road), air resistance, and gravity. Additionally, the engine must generate enough power to overcome these forces and propel the car forward.
To sublime iodine, the attractive forces that must be overcome are primarily the van der Waals forces, which are weak intermolecular forces resulting from temporary dipoles induced in the iodine molecules. These forces hold the iodine molecules together in the solid state. During sublimation, sufficient energy is required to break these interactions, allowing the iodine to transition directly from a solid to a gaseous state.
The intermolecular forces that must be overcome to convert H2Se (hydrogen selenide) to gas are London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions. These forces hold the H2Se molecules together in the liquid state. As energy is added to the system, these intermolecular forces weaken, allowing the molecules to overcome the attractive forces and transition into the gaseous state.
Energy is absorbed from the surroundings during evaporation to break the intermolecular forces between liquid particles, allowing them to escape into the gas phase. This energy input is necessary to overcome the attractive forces holding the liquid molecules together and convert them into vapor.
During the dissolving process, the solute molecules separate and disperse throughout the solvent. The intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent molecules overcome the forces holding the solute molecules together, allowing them to mix and form a homogeneous solution.
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Van der Waals forces between oxygen molecules are being overcome when liquid oxygen boils into a gas at 90 K. These forces include London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions.
The Filipino Rebel army and the U.S. fleet.
The movement of particles increases during vaporization as they gain more energy to overcome intermolecular forces and transition from a condensed phase to a gaseous phase.
Sliding friction requires more force to overcome its friction.
If you run into something, your air bag can inflate in less than a tenth of a second to protect you from the forces of a head-on collision.