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How does neurotransmitters initiate depolarization?
Let's picture a presynaptic neuron, a synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic neuron. An action potential reaches the terminal of a presynaptic neurone and triggers an opening of Ca ions enters into the depolarized terminal. This influx of Ca ions causes the presynaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane. This releases the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters diffuse through the synaptic cleft and bind to specific postsynaptic membrane receptors. This binding changes the receptors into a ion channel that allows cations like Na to enter into the postsynaptic neuron. As Na enters the postsynaptic membrane, it begins to depolarize and an action potential is generated.
Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane?
Ion channel receptors. These receptors allow specific ions to flow through a channel when activated by a signaling molecule, resulting in a change in ion distribution across the membrane and altering the membrane potential.
What is a channel linked receptor?
A channel linked receptor transduces functions of the same protein molecule. An example of a channel linked receptor are neurotransmitters in the brain.
Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane?
Ionotropic receptors are directly gated by the binding of a signaling molecule, leading to a change in ion channel permeability and subsequent redistribution of ions across the membrane. This rapid change in ion flow plays a crucial role in mediating fast synaptic transmission in the nervous system.
What role does neurotransmitters play in neurotransmission?
In between 2 neurones is the synaptic cleft, the gap between the pre and post-synapse. NTs are the molecules which activate receptors on the post-synapse during synaptic transmission, The activated receptors initiate intracellular mechanisms such as ion channel opening, G-protein activation, etc, which can inhibit or produce action potentials (nerve impulses).
Differences between a channel and a receptor?
A channel is a pathway through which ions or molecules can flow across a cell membrane, facilitating cellular communication. On the other hand, a receptor is a protein that binds to specific signaling molecules such as hormones or neurotransmitters, triggering a cellular response. Channels regulate the movement of substances, while receptors initiate signaling cascades within the cell.
What water-soluble hormone would most likely bind to what membrane proteins?
Channel linked receptors bind to neurotransmitters. (also called ion channels and ligand gated ion channels) A ligand is the signal molecule i.e the neurotransmitter. Hormones bind to intracellular receptors because hormones are non polar and can cross the cell's plasma membrane. (also called cytoplasmic receptors)
What are the cell surface receptorss?
G-protein, ion-channel and enzyme-linked protein receptors.
A “ligand-gated” ion channel is one that will open in response to:?
A specific molecule binding to it
What is ligand gated ion channel?
Ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated or transmitter gated ion channels. The binding of a neurotransmitter or other ligand to a particular site on a domain of a protein in the receptor causes a conformational change in the protein subunits. This allows a certain ion to pass through, poteitally potassium, sodium or chloride. There are two types of ionotropic receptors, non-NMDA and NMDA. Both are ligand gated receptors, however the NMDA is also voltage gated.
Ion channel gates close the pore of some ions channels in response to what?
Ion channel gates close in response to changes in membrane potential, ligand binding, or mechanical stimuli. These triggers help regulate the flow of ions through the channel, allowing for precise control of neural signaling and other essential biological processes.
What are two types of receptors that help transmit signals across the cell membrane?
Ionotropic and metabotropic. Ionotropic is when the substance binds to the receptor, it causes the protein to change shape, opening thr channel for specific ions. Metabotropic is the second messenger model, where the substance binds, then activates certain enzymes and causes something to happen. E.g. Insulin might bind to receptors on the liver, activating an enzyme, causing glucose to be converted to glycogen (glycogenesis).
