Muscle Spindle
Muscle spindle receptors which are located in the belly's of muscles measure length of stretch and speed of change. They send this afferent neural information to the posterior horn of the spinal cord where and interneuron interprets the information and if the stretch is ballistic (if it changes length too rapidly) it will trigger an efferent motor unit, or many motor units, through the anterior horn of the spinal cord to contract the muscle.
In my A&P book, Beta 2 receptors are the only ones that mention smooth muscle of the airways.
norepinephrine. Acetylcholine mainly causes smooth muscle contraction, while norepinephrine can either cause contraction or relaxation depending on the type of receptor it binds to on the smooth muscle cell.
In my A&P book, Beta 2 receptors are the only ones that mention smooth muscle of the airways.
When a muscle contracts but does not change length, it is undergoing isometric contraction. During this type of contraction, the muscle generates tension without any visible movement or change in the muscle's length. This is commonly observed when holding a weight in a fixed position or pushing against an immovable object. Isometric contractions are important for stabilizing joints and maintaining posture.
To answer your question in brief, the Golgi tendon organ is an involuntary mechanism that serves to maintain muscle tension and prevent injury. They are groups of fibres that wrap around the tendon, and have type Ib receptors that relay activity back to your brain. Upon activation, they increase their activity, which forces the shut down of the muscle contraction in order to prevent tearing of the muscle from excessive activation.
The type of exercises that does not lengthen the muscle is called isometrics. The strengthening of the muscles is from utilizing range of motion movements.
No, the length of a muscle does not determine its strength. Muscle strength is determined by factors such as muscle fiber size, muscle fiber type, and training.
Isotonic contractions are the type that involve muscle movement. This movement is due to a change in length as the muscle fibers shorten or lengthen.
Muscarinic Receptor
beta
Walking is an example of isotonic type of contraction. These are contractions which will force the length of the muscle to change and cause movement.