Am artery
The efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs of vertebrates is greater because it increases the lungs' internal surface area.
No
The lowest rate of gas exchange is likely the result of decreased surface area for exchange, thickening of the respiratory membrane, or a decrease in the concentration gradient of gases. These factors can impair the efficiency of gas diffusion across the respiratory surfaces.
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood. They are crucial for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be removed from the body. Alveoli have a large surface area to maximize gas exchange efficiency.
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Counter current flow allows for a steeper concentration gradient along the entire length of the exchange surface, resulting in a higher diffusion rate of gases. In parallel flow, the concentration gradient is not maintained along the entire length, leading to lower gas exchange efficiency.
Tar, which is a sticky substance found in cigarette smoke, can accumulate in the lungs and airways of smokers. It can coat the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs, leading to decreased surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. This can impair the efficiency of gas exchange and reduce the amount of oxygen that reaches the bloodstream.
Alveolar ventilation rate refers to the volume of air per minute that reaches the alveoli in the lungs for gas exchange. It is calculated by multiplying the tidal volume by the respiratory rate and subtracting the dead space volume. This measurement is important for assessing the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs.
Gas exchange is a function of respiration not digestion.
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