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Dr. Leo Kanner (1894-1981), who was born in Klekotow, Austria, is one of the first persons to study autism. He was a psychiatrist and physician who published a paper in 1943, "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact", describing his work with children who would now be labeled as having autism.

Dr. Hans Asperger (1906-1980), another pediatrician born in Austria, also studied autism, but he studied children who, from his descriptions of them, had high-functioning autism or Asperger's Syndrome. His first paper on this was published in 1944.

Both Kanner and Asperger were studying children with autism at the same time, and their work has contributed to our current understanding of autism.

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