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Does CNS modulation of the ANS rely entirely on efferent stimulation through the parasympathetic nervous system and if so is all perceived sympathetic activity from the CNS simply non-para activity?
CNS modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not rely entirely on efferent stimulation through the parasympathetic nervous system; it also involves sympathetic pathways. The CNS regulates both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, allowing for a balance between the two. Perceived sympathetic activity is not merely a product of the absence of parasympathetic influence; it represents a distinct activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which can occur independently of parasympathetic activity.
The parasympathetic motor pathways begin in the areas?
Most parasympathetic motor pathways begin in the dorsal aspect of the medulla, in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Parasympathetic motor pathways also come from the preganglionic cell bodies located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord in the sacral region (pelvic splanchnic nerves). Thus, the description cranio-sacral is often used to describe the origins of the parasympathetic innervation.
What would be the cause of a change in afferent and efferent?
A change in afferent pathways could be due to damage or dysfunction in sensory receptors, nerves, or pathways. A change in efferent pathways could be caused by issues in motor neurons or the neuromuscular junction. Both types of changes can result in altered sensory perception or impaired motor function.
How is the afferent and efferent pathway important for sensation in your body?
Afferent pathways communicate sensory information (e.g. pain, cold) from your sensory organs to your central nervous system. Efferent pathways communicate information from your central nervous system to your effector organs (e.g. muscles and glands).
Which pathways comprise the autonomic nervous system?
two-neuron chain from CNS to effector organs. Parasympathetic and Sympathetic.
What are the two nerves that carry the preganglionic axons to the parasympathetic ganglia?
The two nerves that carry preganglionic axons to the parasympathetic ganglia are the cranial nerves and the sacral spinal nerves. Specifically, cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus) are involved. Additionally, the sacral spinal nerves S2 to S4 contribute to the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which also carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. These pathways play a crucial role in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, facilitating various involuntary functions.
Is white rami exclusive to the sympathetic division of the ANS?
No, white rami are not exclusive to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). While they are primarily associated with the sympathetic division, specifically as pathways for preganglionic sympathetic fibers to enter the sympathetic ganglia, similar structures exist in the parasympathetic division. However, the term "white rami" typically refers to the myelinated preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system.
Difference between afferent and efferent in kidney?
Efferent means going away from and afferent is going toward. The afferent arteriole of the kidney carrys blood toward the glomerulus, whereas the efferent arteriole carrys blood away from the glomerulus.
What organs are involved in an autonomic visceral reflex?
An autonomic visceral reflex typically involves the autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Key organs involved include the brain (particularly the hypothalamus and brainstem), spinal cord, and various visceral organs such as the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and glands. Sensory receptors detect changes in the internal environment, sending signals through afferent pathways to the central nervous system, which then coordinates an appropriate response via efferent pathways to the target organs.
What are efferent organs?
Efferent organs are structures in the body responsible for carrying signals away from the central nervous system to effectors, such as muscles and glands. These organs facilitate responses by transmitting motor commands or hormonal signals that initiate actions, such as muscle contractions or glandular secretions. In the context of the nervous system, efferent pathways include motor neurons that directly control movement. Overall, efferent organs play a crucial role in executing responses to stimuli.
Where is the neuron?
The Inter-neuron (also known as the local circuit neuron, relay neuron or the association neuron) is the neuron which connects the afferent and the efferent neurons in the neural pathways.
Are the impulses traveling to the thalamus afferent or efferent?
Impulses traveling to the thalamus are afferent. Afferent pathways carry sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system, including the thalamus, for processing. Efferent pathways, on the other hand, carry motor commands from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system for action.
