Hypoglossal.. (:
Two muscles: The masster(jaw) The tongue
The cranial nerves that are attached to the medulla oblongata are the glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves. The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth cranial nerve that causes the tongue, throat, and parotid gland to function properly. The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve which helps with motor production, mainly regarding the process of voice production. The accessory nerve is the eleventh cranial muscle whose only function is motor function, mainly regarding the trapezius and sternocledomastoid muscles. Lastly, the hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve which helps in the proper functioning of the muscles under the tongue.
the tongue is a muscle. it is one one of the strongest muscles in the body.
The human tongue is made up of 8 different muscles. These are all classified as either intrinsic or extrinsic muscles. The extrinsic muscles are the genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus. The intrinsic muscles are the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles, the verticalis muscle, and the transversus muscle.
The cranial nerve responsible for moving the cheek muscles is cranial nerve V (the trigeminal nerve). However, cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) and cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal) are also involved in moving the tongue, the throat for swallowing and the muscles along the floor of the jaw.
The hypoglossal nerve, or cranial nerve XII, supplies motor fibers to the muscles of the tongue. It innervates all intrinsic and most extrinsic muscles of the tongue, facilitating movements essential for speech and swallowing. Dysfunction of this nerve can lead to difficulties in these functions and may result in atrophy or weakness of the tongue muscles.
There are two types of tongue muscles : 1. intrinsic muscles: -superior longitudinal muscle -vertical muscle -transverse muscle -inferior longitudinal muscle 2. extrinsic muscles: -genioglossus -hyoglossus -palatoglossus -styloglossus Which makes 8 muscles.
The extrinsic muscles of the tongue, such as the genio-glossus and the stylo-glossus, attach the tongue to other structures and are responsible for the movement of the tongue. The muscle responsible for sticking the tongue out is the genio-glossus, which is attached to the mandible. by pulling on the other muscles while attached to the mandible, the genio-glossus is able to stick the tongue out.
A combination of your tongue and jaw muscles
Parkinson's disease affects some of the functions for which cranial nerves are responsible, for example, by creating disturbances of vision and smell, but scientists are not certain whether this effect involves damage to the cranial nerves or to the areas within the brain that interpret sensory signals. Parkinson's symptoms such as difficulty in moving the eyes or swallowing relate to neuromuscular disruptions that take place in the basal ganglia and affect neuron communication to the muscles, rather than to damage that involves the cranial nerves that also have functions related to the muscles that move the eyes, tongue, and face. The route of transit remains intact although the signals traveling to it are distorted.
the trigeminal nerve (V) controls the movement of eight muscles, including the four muscles of mastication.The muscle that are involved in chewing food are the, temporalis, the masseter and the pterygoids.
The cranial nerve pair being tested by asking the patient to stick out their tongue is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). Dysfunction of this nerve can result in a deviation of the tongue towards the affected side, weakness or atrophy of the tongue muscles, and difficulty with speech and swallowing.