The neuroendocrine "letdown" reflex is regulated by oxytocin.
oxytocin
oxytocin
Oxytocin is the hormone required for milk letdown. It is released from the pituitary gland in response to suckling or breast stimulation.
The neuroendocrine reflex is initiated by stimulation of sensory neurons that cause a release of a neurohormone from the neurosecretory cells. It is the simple neural reflex that controls the neuroendocrine reflex. The natural progression of events in this system is sensory nerves respond to a stimulus, be it thermal, tactile, or visual. These sensory nerves then synapse with interneurons in the spinal cord. Where efferent neurons, or neurons conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord, travel to the hypothalamus where the hypothalamic neurons release neurohormones. These neurohormones then enter the blood and activate the target tissues, such as the anterior lobe of the pituitary, mammary glands, or the epididymis. Senger, P.L. Pathways to Pregancy and Parturition. Pullman: Current Conceptions Inc., 2005, 2003, 1999, 1997.
Hormones have nothing to do in reflex arc.
No, the regulation of blood pressure is not considered a somatic reflex. It is primarily controlled by autonomic reflexes involving the cardiovascular system, which are regulated by the autonomic nervous system and hormones. Somatic reflexes typically involve skeletal muscles and are responsible for voluntary movements.
It is totally normal to have that during pregnancy but don't pump. To begin pumping too soon before labor begins can lead to premature labor because you can stimulate the hormones and put yourself into early labor. The only time they recommend that is when you are over due.
Sleeping is not a reflex but a complex process controlled by the brain. It involves both autonomic and somatic functions, but it is not considered a reflex as it is more of a regulated state of consciousness rather than a simple automatic response to a specific stimulus.
ANS reflex arcs are stimulated by input from sensory or visceral receptors. The signals are processed in the hypothalamus (or regions of the spinal cord) and target effector control is then regulated via myelinated preganglionic neurons
Reflexes are primarily controlled by the nervous system rather than hormones. However, hormones can influence reflexes indirectly by modulating the responsiveness of the nervous system. For example, adrenaline (epinephrine) can enhance reflex responses during a fight-or-flight situation by increasing heart rate and energy availability. Overall, while hormones play a role in preparing the body for reflex actions, the actual reflexes are mediated by neural pathways.
Effectors of a reflex arc are primarily muscles and glands. Muscles are responsible for carrying out the response by contracting or relaxing, while glands may secrete hormones in response to the stimulus.
No, a somatic reflex are the reflexes of the skeletal muscle movements. The gag reflex is considered to be an autonomic reflex.