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Diffusion is the process that allows the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli. This process is one of passive transport.

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How it is possible for oxygen to diffuse rapidly into the blood?

Oxygen diffuses rapidly into the blood due to the concentration gradient between the alveoli in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries surrounding them. The alveoli have a high concentration of oxygen, while the blood has a lower concentration, which drives the diffusion of oxygen across the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries. Additionally, the large surface area and short diffusion distance in the lungs help facilitate the rapid diffusion of oxygen into the blood.


Why alveolar oxygen tension is more than arterial oxygen tension?

The alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs, where oxygen is taken up by the blood. The alveolar oxygen tension is higher than arterial oxygen tension because there is a gradient that drives oxygen diffusion from the alveoli into the blood. This difference is necessary to ensure efficient oxygen uptake by the blood in the lungs.


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What protects the alveoli?

The alveoli are protected by the surfactant, which is a substance secreted by the alveolar cells. Surfactant reduces the surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation. The rib cage and diaphragm also play a role in protecting the alveoli by maintaining the pressure required for proper lung function.


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