None. The molecules were either too polar or they were too big to be transported.
using a 100 MWCO membrane means that any element, molecule, ion or particle with a molar mass of less than or equal to 100 will be able to pass through. there is an infinite number of combinations able to pass through. sodium and calcium ions would both pass through for example.
Urea has a molecular weight lower than 20 MWCO, so it should be able to diffuse through a 20 MWCO membrane. If urea is not able to diffuse through a 20 MWCO membrane, it may be due to factors like the membrane being damaged or having a different pore size than expected, or the presence of additional physical or chemical barriers that prevent urea diffusion.
The 20 MWCO membrane has a molecular weight cutoff that is lower than the molecular weight of urea, preventing urea from passing through the pores of the membrane. This size exclusion property of the membrane hinders the diffusion of urea molecules across it.
No, solutes are not always able to diffuse through a cell's selectively permeable membrane. The ability for solutes to diffuse across a membrane depends on the size, charge, and concentration gradient of the solute. Larger or charged molecules may require the assistance of specialized transport proteins to cross the membrane.
Yes, osmotic pressure can still be generated even if solutes are able to diffuse. Osmotic pressure is a result of the concentration gradient of solute particles across a semipermeable membrane, and it is not affected by the ability of solutes to diffuse.
Osmosis is defined as the passive movement of water molecules from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane; water molecules are thus exhibiting the movement.
Pores in the cell membrane can be formed by protein complexes called ion channels or porins. Ion channels allow specific ions to pass through the membrane, while porins allow the passage of larger molecules or solutes. These pores play crucial roles in regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Transport proteins help move (or "transport") large molecules that aren't able to pass through a cell's membrane, through said cell membrane through means of diffusion.
The Lugol's solution particles were able to cross the model cell membrane, while the starch particles were too large to pass through. Starch is a large molecule that cannot diffuse across the membrane, while Lugol's solution contains smaller molecules (iodine and iodide ions) that are able to pass through.
Lipids and oils are able to move through the plasma cell membrane via simple diffusion. The lipid bilayer structure of the membrane allows for the passive and selective movement of non-polar molecules, such as lipids and oils, without the need for energy input.
Small nonpolar molecules can cross a membrane easily because they are able to pass through the lipid bilayer of the membrane due to their size and lack of charge, allowing them to move freely across the membrane.
No, iodine potassium iodide mixed with starch cannot diffuse through a semipermeable membrane because the starch molecules are too large to pass through the pores of the membrane. Only smaller molecules like iodine will be able to pass through.