It all depends on what you mean by your question. Both the host cell and the virus have proteins that must match for the virus to enter the cell. The more these match, the greater number of species of plants and animals that will be affected.
Virus host range refers to the range of organisms or cell types that a particular virus can infect. Some viruses have a broad host range and can infect multiple species, while others have a narrow host range and can only infect specific hosts. The host range is determined by factors such as the virus's ability to enter host cells and replicate within them.
Virus particles are not cells or life forms, they are just some nucleic acids coated with proteins and few functional enzymes to infect its host and establish the production of new particles. In absence of host they are unable to do this.
The proteins in the capsid allow the virus to attach to the "docking stations" proteins of the host cell.
The proteins in the capsid allow the virus to attach to the "docking stations" proteins of the host cell.
Spikes are proteins that are part of the viral capsid/envelope (depending on if the virus is a naked virus or not). It helps with attachment to the host cell. They are derived from their host cell's own proteins (but are not the same as their hosts), and can help in evading the host cell's defenses.
The specific viral proteins on the surface of the virus determine its attachment to host cell membrane receptors. These proteins bind to complementary host cell receptors, allowing the virus to attach and enter the host cell.
Viral proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm using the host's enzymes.
protein shell
Viruses can only multiply (reproduce) within a host cell. The type of host cell is dependent on the virus' host range.
A virus and a cell have to have matching "docking" proteins for the virus to invade. Otherwise the virus is blocked.
Protein synthesis is important for viruses because the virus forces the host cell to make proteins that the cell does not need, but the virus does to repoduce. Protein synthesis is important for cells because the proteins are essential for all cellular activites.
The proteins in the capsid allow the virus to attach to the "docking stations" proteins of the host cell.