When seeds germinate they are under the ground and as such are not able to detect any light source to grow towards however they are able detect the force of gravity just like humans do. No matter which way round you plant a seed the roots always grow down and the shoot grows up, the roots show positive geotropism (this means they grow in the same direction as the pull of gravity i.e. down) and the shoots show negative geotropism which is against gravity i.e. upwards. As soon as the shoot emerges above the soil it will then grow towards a source of light so that it can convert the suns energy into usable energy through photosynthesis. It is in the plants best interest to grow straight upwards so that it get as much light as it can and not be out competed by other plants.
vertically and horizontally. Vertically, they get taller as new growth sprouts from the top every year. Horizontally, they get thicker and branches get longer.
horizontally
To encourage your monstera plant to grow horizontally instead of vertically, you can regularly rotate the plant to promote even growth on all sides. Additionally, you can prune the top growth to encourage side shoots to develop and grow horizontally. Training the plant by using stakes or trellises can also help guide its growth in a horizontal direction.
Roots may grow sideways due to obstacles in the soil, seeking water and nutrients in a particular direction, or in response to environmental factors such as gravity or light. This phenomenon is known as root skewing or root gravitropism, where roots grow horizontally instead of vertically.
Conifer trees grow needles and cones
Most plants have roots that grow both vertically and horizontally to varying degrees. However, taproots such as carrots and radishes primarily grow downwards, as do fibrous roots of grasses. Deep-rooted plants like oak trees and dandelions also have roots that grow predominantly downwards.
Stems which grow horizontally are called stolons. Stems which grow horizontally are called stolons.
The roots of magnolia trees typically grow shallow, spreading out horizontally near the surface of the soil rather than growing deep into the ground.
so they get as much sunlight as the trees do.
Cumulonimbus clouds can grow to be very large, extending vertically up to 50,000 feet or more into the atmosphere. They can also spread out horizontally to be several miles in width.
Climbers mainly grow in two different directions such as horizontally or vertically and they require support which mimic their direction of growth. Make sure you use strong enough support some climbers can place significant strain on buildings and support structures.
Pine trees' roots typically grow shallow, spreading out horizontally rather than deep into the ground. They usually extend to a depth of about 12-24 inches, but can reach up to 36 inches in some cases.