Basically smoking, as the most common cause of emphysema is smoking itself.
Because emphysema reduce the oxygen perfusion (transfer) from alveoli into the blood thus also reduce the oxygen supply to the muscle and organ. Reduce the oxygen delivery to the periphery cause weight loss and thus they (emphysema patient) look thin.
It increases their RV (residual volume) and FRC (functional residual capacity) due to air trapping. It decreases the FEV1 and takes longer to finish their FVC (forced vital capacity) because of decreased flow rates. It also decreases the DLCO (difusion capacity) because of alveolar wall distruction.
Emphysema can have genetic components, but it is not typically directly inherited like a Mendelian genetic disorder. Certain genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing emphysema, particularly in combination with environmental factors like smoking.
Emphysema does not "spread"-- it is NOT contagious.However, the incidence of emphysema can be reduced if all countries and persons reduce lung irritants and air pollution. ANY strong chemical is a lung irritant. Smoking is just one of a long list of lung irritants.
Reduce
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If you are on steroids to treat inflammation that causes emphysema, your body can add weight. If you are also retaining fluid from heart disease, your weight can increase.
the tar like substance prevents your lungs from taking in enough oxygen.
In a spirogram of a patient with emphysema, key lung values typically show a decreased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and a reduced FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio, indicating obstructive lung disease. Additionally, total lung capacity (TLC) may be increased due to air trapping, while residual volume (RV) is also elevated. These changes reflect the impaired airflow and hyperinflation characteristic of emphysema.
The person's lungs are not moving air well in emphysema. Also irritants cause increased production of phlegm, which can reduce air movement, hence, diminished breath sounds.
To read a spirogram, look at the flow-volume loop to assess lung function. The size and shape of the loop can indicate if there are any abnormalities such as obstructive or restrictive lung diseases. Key parameters to evaluate include forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Patterns such as a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio suggest obstruction, while reduced FVC may indicate restriction.