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How does atropine counteract nerve gas?
Atropine counteracts nerve gas by blocking the action of acetylcholine at nerve receptors. Nerve gases inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine and overstimulation of nerve cells. Atropine acts as an antidote by binding to the same receptors as acetylcholine, preventing excessive stimulation.
Why physostigmine is the antidote for atropine?
Physostigmine inhibit AchE (the enzyme that hadrolyse Ach), so Ach accumulate at synaptic cleft and banish the effect of atropine
How do nerve agents produce in the body?
they inhibit the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) allowing Acetylcholine (ACh) to accumulate.
What destroy acetylcholine?
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Certain toxins, such as organophosphates and nerve agents, can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, leading to an accumulation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
Why are sarin nerve gas and insecticide parathion in small doses useful in the treatment of alzheimers?
Because they inhibit acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine has different functions - in the brain, it is involved in cognitive processes and memory, in the periphery it makes connection between nerves and muscles possible. Nerve gases kill people because they inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine - too much of it and the muscles won't relax, leading to spasms, status epilepticus and eventually death by respiratory depression. Many Alzheimer's medication works similarly, just in the central nervous system - slightly higher levels of acetylcholine will help the brain function better, countering the degenerative effects of the disease.
Is cholinesterase inhibitor a neurohormone?
No, cholinesterase inhibitors are not neurohormones. They are a class of medications that inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase, which breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. By preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, these inhibitors enhance cholinergic transmission, typically used in the treatment of conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Neurohormones, on the other hand, are hormones produced by neurosecretory cells that act on distant targets in the body.
What are the drug interactions associated with taking oak bark?
Reduces the effectiveness of codeine and atropine. Believed to inhibit or reduce the absorption of such alkaline drugs as antacids.
How is atropine sulphate useful in preparation of nasal drop?
Atropine sulfate is a parasympatholytic agent that helps to reduce nasal gland secretions and may be useful in formulations for nasal drops to decrease excess nasal secretions and relieve symptoms such as runny nose or postnasal drip. Its ability to inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system can help in drying the nasal passages and reducing nasal congestion. However, it is important to use atropine sulfate under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to its potential side effects and contraindications.
What are anticholinergics?
Anticholinergics are a class of medications that inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells.
What mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell?
agonists Chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell. Drug that enhances the effects of a particular neurotransmitter.
What are the effects of dopamine receptor antagonists?
They inhibit the expression of dopamine.
What is the range of factors that may enhance or inhibit human development?
Factors that may enhance human development include a positive environment, healthy food, and education. Factors that may inhibit include genetics, illness, culture, and disability.
