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How malonate inhibit the conversion of succinate to fumarate?
Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for converting succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle. Malonate resembles succinate and competes for the active site of succinate dehydrogenase. As a result, malonate binds to the enzyme and prevents succinate from binding, inhibiting the conversion of succinate to fumarate.
What statement best describes the function of a competitive inhibitor in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Competitive inhibitor is a substance that competes directly with a normal substrate for an enzymatic-binding site of an enzyme. Such an inhibitor usually resembles the substrate to the extent that it specifically binds to the active site of the enzyme but differs from it so as to be unreactive and therefore there will be no catalytic reaction. Some examples are: methotrexate that is competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, and malonate which structurally resembles succinate (that is converted to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase during the citric acid cycle) but cannot be dehydrogenated.
Differences between succinate and succinate malonate?
Malonate is a competitive inhibitor preventing the substrate succinate from binding to the enzyme. The structure of succinate is comparable to that of malonate but for the ability for malonate to bind to an enzyme but then cannot further act on it creating a nonproductive complex.
What happens when succinate dehydrogenate is inhibited by malonate?
When succinate dehydrogenase is inhibited by malonate, the enzyme's ability to catalyze the conversion of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle is disrupted. This inhibition results in a decrease in the production of fumarate and subsequently reduces the overall efficiency of the citric acid cycle. As a consequence, the electron transport chain may also be affected due to decreased availability of reducing equivalents (FADH2) generated by the cycle. This can lead to reduced ATP production and impaired cellular respiration.
When a cell is treated with citrate and malonate?
Citrate can be utilized as a carbon source by some bacteria, like E. coli, while malonate inhibits their ability to utilize carbon sources other than malonate. This allows researchers to differentiate between organisms that can utilize citrate and those that cannot.
How many carbon atoms does fumarate have?
four carbon atoms
Is bisoprolol and bisoprolol fumarate same?
Yes, bisoprolol and bisoprolol fumarate refer to the same medication. Bisoprolol is often prescribed in its fumarate salt form, which is the active ingredient in the medication.
How is synthesized?
Dimedone is synthesized from mesityl oxide and diethyl malonate .
What color are the tablets in ferrous fumarate?
Ferrous fumarate tablets typically appear as dark green or dark brown in color.
How is dimedone synthesized?
Dimedone is synthesized from mesityl oxide and diethyl malonate .
Is formoterol fumarate a steroid?
yes its a steroid
Why ferrous ascorbate prefer instead of ferrous fumarate?
Ferrous ascorbate and ferrous fumarate are for different purposes. Ferrous fumarate is for the anemic patients those are deficient in iron while ferrous ascorbate helps retardation or prevention of Fe(II) oxidation.
