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What important process is disrupted in bacterial cells when bacterial ribosomes are disabled by antibiotics?
Protein synthesis is disrupted in bacterial cells when bacterial ribosomes are disabled by antibiotics. This prevents the bacteria from making essential proteins necessary for their survival and growth, eventually leading to their death.
What is the function of sulfonamides?
Sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, are a class of antibiotics that function by inhibiting bacterial growth. They do this by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid, which is essential for the production of nucleic acids in bacteria. By mimicking para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate required for folate synthesis, sulfonamides effectively disrupt the metabolic process in susceptible bacteria, helping to treat various bacterial infections. However, they are not effective against viral infections.
Why do protein synthesis inhibitor a.k.a antibiotics affect bacteria only but not human cells?
most of the antibiotics kill or inactivate bacteria by inhibitting the protein synthesis... protein synthesis consists of 'transcription' and 'translation'.. the translation process requiers mRNA and ribosomes.Human(eukaryotic) ribosome is different from bacterial(prokaryotic) ribosome... Antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis by altering the ribosomal constitution.Since human ribosomes are different from bacterial ribosome,the substances which are harmful to bacterial ribosome doesn't harm human ribosomes.. Thus human cells are immune to antibiotics..
What process cause the misreading of of bacteria mRNA and the breakup of polysomes?
The misreading of bacteria mRNA can be caused by mutations in the genetic code or by errors during transcription and translation. The breakup of polysomes can occur due to cellular stress, such as nutrient deprivation or exposure to toxins, which can disrupt the coordination of ribosomes on the mRNA template, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis.
What does RNA synthesis produce?
RNA synthesis produces RNA molecules using a DNA template as a guide. This process, known as transcription, involves the synthesis of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, which play essential roles in protein synthesis and other cellular processes.
Will the shortage of one amino acid stop synthesis?
Yes, a shortage of a specific amino acid can halt protein synthesis, especially if that amino acid is essential for the formation of particular proteins. Cells require all 20 standard amino acids to assemble proteins properly, and a deficiency can disrupt translation and lead to incomplete or nonfunctional proteins. In such cases, the overall protein synthesis process can slow down or stop, impacting cellular functions and growth.
Where and why does protein synthesis happen?
Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes of a cell. This process is essential for building proteins, which are needed for various functions in the body, such as growth, repair, and regulation of body processes.
Inhibitor of protein synthesis?
In prokaryotes tetracycline, chloremphenicol can inhibit protein synthesis. Puromycin is an antibiotic that inhibit both prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis. Each antibiotics has specific mode of action where it inhibits by binding, for example Chloremphenicol block the peptidyl transfer step.
How do antibiotics affect protein synthesis?
Generally not: antibiotics are essentially antibacterials, that is drugs counteracting bacterial infections like pneumonia, salmonella and the like. The specific mechanism of working of antibiotics depends on the specific drug under examination. Penicillin and its derivatives are bacterial killers: they enters into the bacteria membrane and inhibit basic bacteria life processes. A few of these processes are also related to bacteria proteins syntheses and, under this point of view, these class of antibiotics are also protein synthesis inhibitors. The important think to remember is that they inhibit, among other effects, the synthesis of bacterial proteins, not of the host (generally a human) protein syntheses. Other antibiotics inhibits bacteria multiplication by thwarting bacteria DNA splitting and replication. Also in this case, since many proteins are involved in the DNA replication process, bacteria proteins are involved, but the main antibiotics effect is to inhibit DNA replication.
The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precusors into neurotransmitter molecules is called?
The process is called neurotransmitter synthesis. It involves the conversion of precursor molecules into neurotransmitters by specific enzymes within neurons. This process is crucial for the production of neurotransmitters that are essential for communication between neurons in the brain.
What is the process by which simple molecules combine chemically to form more complex molecules is?
This process is called chemical synthesis or chemical bonding. It involves atoms or molecules reacting together to form new, more complex molecules through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. This process is essential for building larger molecules and compounds in nature and in laboratories.
What is Cell wall synthesis?
Cell wall synthesis is the biological process by which cells create and assemble their cell walls, providing structural support and protection. This process primarily occurs in bacteria, plants, fungi, and some algae, involving the synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins, and other components. In bacteria, for example, peptidoglycan is a key component formed during cell wall synthesis, which is targeted by antibiotics like penicillin. Overall, cell wall synthesis is crucial for maintaining cell shape, integrity, and the overall health of the organism.
