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How can antibacterial agents that target the ribosomes in humans be safe to use?
Antibacterial agents that target the ribosomes in bacteria can be safe to use in humans because human ribosomes are structurally different from bacterial ribosomes. This difference allows the antibiotics to selectively target bacterial ribosomes while sparing human ribosomes, reducing the risk of harmful side effects. Ultimately, this specificity is what makes these antibiotics effective against bacterial infections without causing significant harm to human cells.
Explain why antibiotics are effective at killing bacterial cells but do not seem to have an impact on human cells eukaryotic cells Use at least two examples such as tetracycline erythromycin?
Antibiotics target specific structures or processes unique to bacterial cells that are not present in human eukaryotic cells. For example, tetracycline interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes, while erythromycin inhibits the bacterial ribosome's ability to make proteins. Since human cells do not have the same type of ribosomes or protein synthesis mechanisms, antibiotics like tetracycline and erythromycin do not affect human cells the same way they do bacterial cells.
Why do antibiotics usually affect microbial cells and not host cells?
Antibiotics typically target features unique to microbial cells, such as bacterial cell walls, ribosomes, or metabolic pathways that are not present in human cells. For example, many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes that differ from those in human cells. Additionally, the structural differences in cell membranes and the presence of specific enzymes allow antibiotics to selectively disrupt microbial functions without harming host cells. This selective targeting minimizes damage to the host while effectively combating bacterial infections.
How antibiotic act as inhibitors?
Antibiotics act as inhibitors by targeting specific bacterial processes or structures essential for their growth and survival. For example, some antibiotics interfere with cell wall synthesis, disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell and leading to lysis. Others inhibit protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes, preventing the production of vital proteins. Additionally, certain antibiotics can block metabolic pathways, depriving bacteria of necessary nutrients and energy.
Why do bacteria have 70s ribosomes while eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes?
Bacteria have 70S ribosomes, consisting of a 50S and a 30S subunit, while eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes, made up of a 60S and a 40S subunit. The difference in size and composition is due to evolutionary divergence; bacterial ribosomes are more closely related to the ribosomal RNA of archaea than to eukaryotic ribosomes. This distinction is important for antibiotic targeting, as certain drugs can selectively inhibit bacterial ribosomes without affecting eukaryotic ribosomes.
Antibiotics rely upon differences in the structure of human and bacterial?
ribosomes
Why can antibiotics that selectively target bacterial ribosomes cause side effects for patients?
It has to do with the difference in composition of ribosomes in the eukaryotic cells versus the prokaryotic cell.
Why do protein synthesis inhibitor a.k.a antibiotics affect bacteria only but not human cells?
most of the antibiotics kill or inactivate bacteria by inhibitting the protein synthesis... protein synthesis consists of 'transcription' and 'translation'.. the translation process requiers mRNA and ribosomes.Human(eukaryotic) ribosome is different from bacterial(prokaryotic) ribosome... Antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis by altering the ribosomal constitution.Since human ribosomes are different from bacterial ribosome,the substances which are harmful to bacterial ribosome doesn't harm human ribosomes.. Thus human cells are immune to antibiotics..
How can antibacterial agents that target the ribosomes in humans be safe to use?
Antibacterial agents that target the ribosomes in bacteria can be safe to use in humans because human ribosomes are structurally different from bacterial ribosomes. This difference allows the antibiotics to selectively target bacterial ribosomes while sparing human ribosomes, reducing the risk of harmful side effects. Ultimately, this specificity is what makes these antibiotics effective against bacterial infections without causing significant harm to human cells.
How does antibiotics kill bacteria without harming human cells?
Antibiotics target specific bacterial structures or functions that are not present in human cells. For example, many antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, disrupt protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes, or interfere with bacterial DNA replication. Since human cells lack these unique features, antibiotics can effectively kill bacteria while leaving human cells unharmed. This selective targeting is crucial for their therapeutic effectiveness.
Explain why antibiotics are effective at killing bacterial cells but do not seem to have an impact on human cells eukaryotic cells Use at least two examples such as tetracycline erythromycin?
Antibiotics target specific structures or processes unique to bacterial cells that are not present in human eukaryotic cells. For example, tetracycline interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes, while erythromycin inhibits the bacterial ribosome's ability to make proteins. Since human cells do not have the same type of ribosomes or protein synthesis mechanisms, antibiotics like tetracycline and erythromycin do not affect human cells the same way they do bacterial cells.
Why do antibiotics usually affect microbial cells and not host cells?
Antibiotics typically target features unique to microbial cells, such as bacterial cell walls, ribosomes, or metabolic pathways that are not present in human cells. For example, many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes that differ from those in human cells. Additionally, the structural differences in cell membranes and the presence of specific enzymes allow antibiotics to selectively disrupt microbial functions without harming host cells. This selective targeting minimizes damage to the host while effectively combating bacterial infections.
What is the difference between a bacterial rIbosome and a eukaryotic ribosome?
Bacterial ribosomes are smaller (70S) compared to eukaryotic ribosomes (80S). Additionally, bacterial ribosomes have fewer proteins and do not have as many modification sites as eukaryotic ribosomes. The antibiotic targeting sites also differ between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes.
Why bacterial cell are sensitive to streptomycin and chloramphenicol antibiotic?
Bacterial cells are sensitive to streptomycin because it targets the bacterial ribosomes, interfering with protein synthesis. Chloramphenicol, on the other hand, inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosomes and preventing the aminoacyl-tRNA from reaching the ribosome. These antibiotics disrupt essential bacterial processes, leading to cell death.
3. a) The flowchart below shows the pathway a protein takes from its production to its destination either inside or outside the cell.?
b) Antibiotics destroy a bacterial infection by disabling ribosomes in the bacteria. Eukarotic cells contain mitochondria that themselves contain ribosomes while bacterial cells have no organelles and thus have uncontained ribosomes. How do chemists use this fact to create antibiotics that can destroy a bacterial infection without harming human cells?
How antibiotic act as inhibitors?
Antibiotics act as inhibitors by targeting specific bacterial processes or structures essential for their growth and survival. For example, some antibiotics interfere with cell wall synthesis, disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell and leading to lysis. Others inhibit protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes, preventing the production of vital proteins. Additionally, certain antibiotics can block metabolic pathways, depriving bacteria of necessary nutrients and energy.
What part of the cell are antibiotics designed to attack?
Antibiotics are primarily designed to target specific components of bacterial cells, such as the cell wall, protein synthesis machinery (ribosomes), or DNA replication processes. For example, penicillin interferes with cell wall synthesis, while tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes. These mechanisms disrupt essential functions in bacteria, leading to their growth inhibition or death. Importantly, antibiotics are selectively effective against bacteria and generally do not harm human cells.
