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How are intermolecular forces different from forces that bind atoms together into molecules?
1. Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules, while chemical bonds are the forces within molecules. 2. Chemical bonds combine atoms into molecules, thus forming chemical substances, while intermolecular forces bind molecules together. 3. Chemical bonding involves the sharing or transferring of electrons, while intermolecular forces do not change the electron stucture of atoms. 4. Intermolecular forces hold objects together, while chemical bonds hold molecules together.
What is the correct order of states from least to greatest intermolecular forces of attraction?
The correct order is: gas < liquid < solid. This is because in the gas phase, molecules are far apart and have weak intermolecular forces, in the liquid phase, molecules are closer together with moderate intermolecular forces, and in the solid phase, molecules are tightly packed with strong intermolecular forces.
Are the intramolecular forces in paradichlorobenzene stronger than the intermolecular forces?
Yes, intramolecular forces such as covalent bonds in paradichlorobenzene are stronger than intermolecular forces like van der Waals forces between molecules. Intramolecular forces hold atoms within a molecule together, while intermolecular forces act between molecules.
Why do gases difuses but not solid?
The intermolecular forces holding gas molecules together are not very strong and thus the molecules are free to move around freely. This allows diffusion. The intermolecular forces holding molecules of a solid together are rather strong, and the molecules thus cannot move very freely. This prevents diffusion.
Does intermolecular force change from solid to liquid or liquid to gas?
Yes, the intermolecular forces generally change as a substance transitions from solid to liquid to gas. In solid form, molecules are held together by strong intermolecular forces. In liquid form, these forces weaken to allow molecules to move more freely. In gas form, intermolecular forces are weakest as molecules are far apart and move independently.
How do intermolecular forces determine a substance's state?
If the intermolecular forces are great enough they can hold the molecules together as a liquid. If they are even stronger they will hold the molecules together as a solid. Water has nearly the same mass as methane and ammonia molecules, but the greater molecular forces between water molecules causes the water to be liquid at room temperature, while ammonia and methane, with weaker intermolecular forces, are gases at room temperature.
Why is the boiling point of phenol greater than alcohol?
Phenol has stronger intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding) between its molecules compared to alcohol. This stronger bonding requires more energy to break apart, resulting in a higher boiling point for phenol compared to alcohol.
In steam are the forces between molecules the same as the forces between the molecules in water?
The forces between molecules in steam are weaker than the forces between molecules in liquid water. In steam, molecules are far apart and move freely, resulting in weak intermolecular forces. In liquid water, molecules are closer together and have stronger intermolecular forces due to hydrogen bonding.
What is the result of intermolecular forces being repulsive and attractive varying distances?
Once molecules become close enough to touch, intermolecular forces become repulsive. This is what prevents one molecule from overlapping another. Intermolecular forces pull molecules together at a long range and hold them apart at short range.
Molecules are held together by gravitational force?
Molecules are held together by intermolecular forces such as covalent, ionic, or hydrogen bonds, not gravitational force. Gravitational force is much weaker compared to these intermolecular forces and is more relevant on a larger scale, such as between planets or stars.
What role does high surface tension play in indicating the strength of intermolecular forces?
High surface tension is indicative of strong intermolecular forces. This is because surface tension is a measure of the cohesive forces between molecules at the surface of a liquid. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the surface tension, as the molecules are more tightly held together.
Why boiling point is low when intermolecular forces are weak?
Molecules that have strong intermolecular forces are held together more strongly. In order for a substance to boil, it's molecules must separate and gain energy. Because molecules with stronger intermolecular forces are held together more strongly it takes more energy to move them apart, hence the higher boiling point
