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How can the overuse of antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
The overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria because it creates a selective pressure that allows resistant bacteria to survive and multiply while non-resistant ones are eliminated. This can happen when bacteria are repeatedly exposed to antibiotics, leading them to develop genetic mutations that make them resistant to the effects of the medication. Over time, these resistant bacteria can spread and become more common, making the antibiotics less effective.
What happens to bacteria over time when exposed to antibiotics frequently?
Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics through genetic mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. Over time, the resistant bacteria population can grow, making the antibiotics less effective in treating infections caused by those bacteria. This can lead to treatment failure and the need for more powerful antibiotics.
Why is Pseudomonas often resistant to antibiotics?
Pseudomonas is often resistant to antibiotics because it has the ability to develop mechanisms that protect it from the effects of these drugs. This resistance can be due to the bacteria's ability to pump out antibiotics, modify their targets, or produce enzymes that break down the antibiotics. Additionally, Pseudomonas can form biofilms, which are protective layers that make it harder for antibiotics to reach and kill the bacteria.
How does resistance develop in bacteria?
Bacteria, like all organisms, have phenotypic variations. Some bacteria are resistant to antibacterial drugs and survive the onslaught of these drugs. They then go on to have progeny ( by fission ) that they confer this resistance on so that you have a new population of resistant bacteria.
Which biological agent may be susceptible to antibiotic's but can develope resistance?
Bacteria are biological agents that are susceptible to antibiotics but can develop resistance through genetic mutations or acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can accelerate this process, leading to the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains.
Which Biological agent susceptible to antibiotics but can develop resistance to them?
B- Bacteria
Why are some bacteria resistant to antibiotic drugs?
Bacteria can become resistant by many means. Antibiotics can affect several different parts of a bacterium such as cell wall synthesis (the penicillins affect this) or protein synthesis and several others. If for example an antibiotic affects cell wall synthesis by inhibiting an enzyme then if the bacteria mutates to overproduce that enzyme then it becomes resistant to that antibiotic at therapeutic concentrations. Or the bacteria could mutate so it does not need that exact enzyme any more and the antibiotic becomes useless. Some of the dangerous pathogens like methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have acquired resistance to several antibiotics by selective mutation (otherwise known as evolution). Some bacteria are not so good at mutating or are less dangerous as pathogens so they cannot acquire resistance at all or as quickly.Other bacteria can produce spores which are very tough capsules which contain all the genes of a bacterial species but are not viable cells, the spores are highly resistant to antibiotics because they are very thick and do not carry out normal cellular functions so they are not affected by antibiotics. Anthrax and Clostridium dificille can form spores.Some bacteria like Listeria and in some cases Staphylococcus aureus can get inside the human cell like a virus and become resistant to the immune system and also to drugs because it is harder for drugs to get inside a human cell.
Construct a concept map that shows how a population of bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics?
A concept map illustrating bacterial antibiotic resistance includes key components: Mutation (random genetic changes), Horizontal Gene Transfer (acquisition of resistance genes from other bacteria via plasmids), and Selective Pressure (antibiotics killing susceptible bacteria, allowing resistant ones to thrive). This leads to Survival of the Fittest, where resistant bacteria multiply, resulting in a Resistant Population over time. Additionally, factors like Overuse of Antibiotics and Inadequate Infection Control can exacerbate resistance development.
How do microogarnisms avoid being attacked by antibiotics?
They don't. They develop a resistance to it. Just like people, each bacteria is slightly different even from bacteria of the same type. Some are slightly more resistant to a given drug than others. What happens is that when someone is given antibiotics and the drugs are not enough to kill all the bacteria only those that are most resistant to that drug remain. Even worse is when someone decides they feel better and stop taking their antibiotics. Then the bacteria split and/or share their genes with other bacteria and as a result that resistance is passed on to future generations.
A bacterial disease becomes difficult to cure when the bacteria?
develop resistance to antibiotics, making them less effective in treating the infection. This resistance can occur through genetic mutations or the acquisition of resistance genes from other bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. As a result, common antibiotics may no longer be able to kill the bacteria, leading to treatment failures.
Why do researchers need to constantly develop new types of antibiotics?
Because people (including doctors) keep using antibiotics for inappropriate purposes, including treatment of the common cold, which is a virus. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Constant exposure to antibiotics in the environment has resulted in mutations of bacteria so that they are antibiotic resistant. Thus, it is necessary to continue to develop new antibiotics to deal with these new super-bacteria. It should be said that the drug companies themselves are largely responsible for this, as they constantly lobby to allow antibiotics to be used unnecessarily, such as in treatment of poultry and other animals that are to be slaughtered for meat. This saves money, but it also releases huge amounts of drugs into the environment. (See above for results) The pharmaceutical giants thus get richer in two ways: selling the old drugs and developing and marketing new ones.
How has the species of bacteria become resistant?
In a large population of bacteria, there may be some cells that are not affected by the antibiotic. These cells survive and reproduce, producing even more bacteria that are not affected by the antibiotic.
