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Claudius II had a good reputation. He defeated a huge Goth army in the Battle of Naissus (268 or 269 AD). This ended invasions of the eastern part of the Roman Empire by the Goths and Heruli which had been taking place on and off for thirty years. For this he was given the title of Gothicus (winner against the Goths). Later, Constantine the great, who was born at Naissus, claimed descent from Claudius Ii to bolster his bid for power.

According to the medieval Golden Legend of 1260, St Valentine refused to deny Christ before the "Emperor Claudius" during a persecution of the Christians and was beheaded. As the first emperor named Claudius did not persecute the Christians, it was believed that the legend referred to Claudius II. Since then February 14 had been the day dedicated to this Roman priest and physician since then.

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