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King Edward I of England, also known as "Longshanks," did not conquer Scotland and Wales in the traditional sense of complete annexation. He successfully invaded and subjugated Wales, leading to its incorporation into the English crown after the conquest in the late 13th century. In Scotland, his campaigns were marked by significant military engagements, but he faced fierce resistance, particularly from figures like William Wallace and Robert the Bruce, leading to ongoing conflicts rather than a full conquest. Ultimately, while he exerted control over parts of both regions, they retained their distinct identities and continued to resist English rule.

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