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Rutherfords model (or the planetary model) of the atom is that the nucleus (with positive net charge) is very small and is surrounded by a number of electrons (each with a charge of -1).

Rutherford came to this conclusion because during experiments where helium nuclei (alpha particles) were beamed at a gold foil, a very few (1 in 8000) were deflected by a large angle (more than 90 degrees) and most passed through the gold foil with no measurable deflection at all.

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