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Rutherfords model (or the planetary model) of the atom is that the nucleus (with positive net charge) is very small and is surrounded by a number of electrons (each with a charge of -1).

Rutherford came to this conclusion because during experiments where helium nuclei (alpha particles) were beamed at a gold foil, a very few (1 in 8000) were deflected by a large angle (more than 90 degrees) and most passed through the gold foil with no measurable deflection at all.

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Related Questions

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What is the rutherfords atomic model?

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Rutherford's model of the atom was incomplete. He proposed a model in which electrons orbit the positively charged nucleus like planets around the sun. However, this model failed to explain the stability of the atom and the energy levels of electrons. It was later improved upon by Niels Bohr's model, which incorporated quantum mechanics concepts to explain these phenomena.


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Rutherford's model failed to explain why elements emit light at specific frequencies when heated. This phenomenon, known as atomic emission spectra, was later explained by Niels Bohr's model of the atom which introduced the concept of quantized energy levels in the atom.


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The atomic model of Rutherford was a step in the historical development of the today concept of an atom.