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Moshoeshoe I established the Sotho Kingdom during the early 19th century by uniting various clans and tribes in the region through diplomacy and warfare. He capitalized on the chaos of the Mfecane, a period of upheaval and migration in southern Africa, to consolidate power and create a centralized state. By fostering a sense of identity and loyalty among his followers, he laid the groundwork for the Basotho nation, promoting agriculture and social cohesion as key elements of his kingdom. His leadership and strategic alliances helped to defend against external threats and solidify the Sotho's position in the region.

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