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Many practices in ancient Greek medical treatment are ascribed to Hippocrates, but very little is known about whether he instituted them himself of whether other or later physicians of his "school" instituted them. Most of our knowledge about him comes from the Greek physician Soranus who lived about 200 years after his death, making it difficult to separate fact from fiction.

Reasonably certain is that his major contribution was the insight that illnesses were not sent by the gods, but that they had natural causes. Furthermore he probably did start the practice of systematically analyzing and describing the symptoms of illnesses, which enabled later physicians to easily recognize illnesses and their recommended treatments. He was the author of a treatise called 'The complicated body', but because of the strict taboo at the time concerning dissection of humans, it would take another 1,500 years before the anatomy of humans was fully and clearly understood.

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