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When Julius Caesar finished is conquest of Gaul, he went to the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul, in northern Italy. As the governor of that province he was entitled to have troops there. However, he was not entitled to go to Italy, which at the time did not include the north, with a military force. The senate ordered him to disband his troops and return to Rome as a private citizens. His opponents wanted to prosecute him. Caesar, instead, crossed the River Rubicon (the boundary of Italy) with a legion and marched on Rome. This was effectively a declaration of war on the Roman state.

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