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Hawaii and the U.S. renewed a trade treaty that allowed Hawaiian sugar to be sold duty-free in the U.S. Hawaii also leased Pearl Harbor to the U.S. as a fueling and repair station for naval vessals. The same year, white Hawaiian-born planters forced the Hawaiian king, Kalakaua, to accept a new constitution that, in effect gave them control of the government.

When the King died in 1891, his sister Liliuokalani came to the throne. A strong nationalist, Queen Lili opossed U.S. control of the islands and sought to reduce the power of foreign merchants by returning voting rights to Asians and Hawaiians. In 1893, with the help of the U.S. Marines, pineapple planter Sanford B. Dole removed the Queen from power. He proclaimed Hawaii a republic and requested that it be annexed by the US.

When William McKinley was elected President, he supported the annexation. "We need Hawaii just as much and a great deal more that we did California. It's a manifest destiny," McKinely said in early 1898. After briefly considering whether the Hawaiian people wished to be annexed, Congress was swayed by arguments that the U.S. needed naval stations in Hawaii in order to protect it's world trade. In 1898, Congress approved the annexation of Hawaii.

A small group of wealthy and politically powerful American businessmen overthrew the Monarchy and stole for their personal use a soverign nation. It was a coup which the US by Joint Resolution of Congress in 1993 apologized for to the World in an Apology Resolution.

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