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It didn't divide at all because everyone was Catholic. The church ran the society and told everyone how to live and what to think. They taught that man was born in sin and could only go to heaven through them.

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The early Church was never a unified body. The Church had many important centers, including Rome, but also others, such as Alexandria, Corinth, Antioch, and Jerusalem.

Christianity spread a good deal faster than the power of the bishops of Rome, and by the time Theodosius declared that Catholic Christianity was the state religion, in 380 AD, it had already spread as far as Britain, Ethiopia, and India. The result of this was a large number of Orthodox Churches, in addition to the Church of Rome. These Churches had very different histories, some of them further dividing, such as the Coptic and Oriental Orthodox Churches, and others reuniting with the Roman Church, including the Celtic Orthodox Church spread by St. Patrick.

The Catholic Church itself divided over a long time in the Early Middle Ages, and the split became final in 1054 with the Great Schism or East-West Schism. This process began fairly early on because the bishops in the East, who spoke Greek, wanted to maintain their independence from the popes, who spoke Latin, much more than the popes wanted to allow them to have.

Additionally, there were a large number of heretical groups that emerged over time, and this started at the very beginning of the Church. For example there were Arians very early on, and these people included the rulers of some of the most important medieval kingdoms. Some of the early heretical groups have persisted to this day.

The study of the early Church is something of which many people are ignorant, but a little research can be quite rewarding. There are links below for for anyone wishing to have more information.

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