How did the Justinian code influence European law?

Answer 1

Justinian I commissioned the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) which was dubbed Justinian code in the 16th century. This was a comprehensive compendium and revision of four centuries of Roman law.

This collection of books was rediscovered in a library in Pisa in 1070. It had a big impact. Bologna University (established in 1088) was the first university in Europe and its major appeal was its faculty of law, which had four professors who specialised in studying interpreting this work. It attracted student all over Europe. The Corpus Juris Civilis became the plank of the development an emerging class of professional lawyers. It became the foundation of the law in the Italian city-states of the time.

The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I (reigned 1155--1190) was the first dynastic ruler to hire professional lawyers to run his administration, which became based on the Justinian Code. The use of Roman law provided a new rationale for imperial rule as the emperors' claim to divine right to rule had been challenged. It presented the law of the state as a reflection of natural moral law and the principle of rationality and provided a framework which ensured consistency in administration.

The Corpus Juris Civilis was also used to formulate the Napoleonic Code in 1804. This replaced the existing uncoordinated and contradictory web of separate old feudal and royal French laws. This code was different than the Justinian Code, which was a collection of edited or revised exracts of law. It was more systematic. Nevertheless, the latter provided material which was important in the creation of Europe's first modern code of civil law. Following the French example, continental European countries later also compiled their codes of civil law and they,too, used the Corpus Juris Civilis as its foundation.

Answer 2

The Justinian Code has had limited influence of the legal system of America, Britain and other English-speaking countries. This is because they have a common-law tradition. This is based on the decisions of judges which provide a system of rules based on "precedent." When a judge makes a ruling which is legally enforced, it becomes a precedent: a rule that will guide judges in making subsequent rulings in similar cases. Therefore, instead of having a code or body of legislation, it exists only in past decisions.

The Justinian Code, instead, has provided the foundation of the civil law systems of European countries. Civil law is based on a code or body of legislation which contains a comprehensive statement of rules, many of which are framed as general principles, to deal with any dispute that may arise. Courts in this kind of system have to look into the code and refer to previous rulings only to check for consistency. The Justinian Code has provided the guide for the creation of modern civil law because it was a very comprehensive compendium of Roman civil law. This made it very useful.

Answer 3

Justinian I commissioned the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law), which was dubbed Justinian Code in the 16th century. A first edition was published in 529 and a second one in 534. It was a collection of books which collected centuries of Roman law into books (code is derived from codex, the Latin word for bound book) as previously law were written on many different scrolls. It was also a review of imperial laws going back 400 years (to the time of Hadrian). It scrapped obsolete or unnecessary laws, made changes when necessary, clarified obscure passages and harmonised conflicting views among jurists which arose from centuries of poorly organised development of Roman law to create a uniform and coherent body of law. It also had two textbooks for law students, one for beginners and one for advanced students. The Corpus Juris Civilis consisted of more than 60 books.

The Coprus Juris civilis was rediscovered in a library in Pisa in 1070. It had a big impact. Bologna University (established in 1088) was the first university in Europe and its major appeal was its faculty of law, which had four professors who specialised in studying and interpreting this work. It attracted student all over Europe. The Corpus Juris Civilis became the plank of the development an emerging class of professional lawyers. It became the foundation of the law in the Italian city-states of the time and was used as the foundation of the law of the Holy Roman Empire. Later it was used as the foundation for the development of the law in many modern countries.

Answer 4

It helped create most of Europe's modern legal systems, England being an important exception

Answer 5

It gave the European laws many ideas about rights.

Answer 6

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Answer 7

His idea impacted on later civilizations