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In 334 BCE Alexander the great conquered Baalbek and marched on to subdue the cities of Byblos and Sidon in 332 BCE. At this point Alexander ordered the siege of Tyre and was so determined to take the city that he built a causeway from the ruins of the old city, debris, and felled trees, from the mainland to the island (which, owing to sediment deposits over the centuries is why Tyre is not an island today), and, after seven months, breached the walls and massacred most of the populace.

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