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It didn't, and in fact, the space race directly accelerated the arms race.

The space race, a term beloved by journalists of the late 1950s and the 1960s, was the unofficial "contest" between the US and the USSR, the Soviet Union, to put assets in Earth orbit. The true goal of the entire exercise, routinely buried or disregarded by the press, was for one side of the Cold War to impress on the other side an advantage in the ability to deliver nuclear weapons.

Early Soviet "victories" in the race -- the first satellite (Sputnik), the first man in space and in orbit -- spurred the US into the "race," and led John Kennedy to proclaim the goal of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely home before 1970.

Numerous systemic failures in the Soviet system likely would have allowed the "space race" to tilt the US way in any case. But NASA's thrust for a moon landing put the US far ahead as early as 1965, when Gemini astronauts were pioneering the art/science of EVA's -- extra-vehicular activities, called "spacewalking" at the time -- and literally moving from space capsule to space capsule after docking.

In the end, the US put Apollo 11 on the moon in July, 1969, and Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin put the first human footprints there. Several other Apollo moon landings followed. The Soviets never managed anything even close to that feat.

In the end, the "space race," as conducted in the early days of space exploration, was not about global cooperation, but was in every way about military domination. Those magnificent rockets were launched to show the other side that they were mere minutes away from nuclear destruction.

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