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The Great Depression led to widespread bank failures as a result of mass withdrawals by panicked depositors, known as bank runs. Many banks had invested heavily in the Stock Market and made risky loans, which left them vulnerable when the economy collapsed. As banks failed, confidence in the financial system plummeted, leading to a cycle of further bank closures and economic instability. This crisis ultimately prompted the establishment of reforms, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), to protect depositors and stabilize the banking system.

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