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Only two of the four distinct Mongol Empires converted to Islam: the Ikhanate and the Chagatai Khanate. The Khanate of the Golden Horde and the Yuan Dynasty did not convert to Islam at any point.

In the case of the Ikhanate, the conversion was facial, which is to say that the Khans claimed to be Muslim, but did not change any substantive policies. Islamic Clerics were still repressed unless they followed the government line. The reason Islam was able to recover was that the Ilkhanate lasted less than a century before being overthrown.

In the case of the Chagatai Khanate, the adoption Islam came slower, but was more organic. Especially after a century or two, the Chagatai Khanate began to rule more by Islamic norms than traditional Mongolian norms. However, the majority of Chagatai Khanate was composed of nomadic individuals making the rigid laws of Shari'a less applicable.

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