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The original City of London was situated behind the Tower which is adjacent to the River Thames. A defensive wall, which started and finished at the Tower, surrounded the city. It was assumed that any attack would be launched from the river because an invading army would have to cross the North Sea to get to England. An invasion from the South would find that the river was a natural barrier and could easily be defended from the Tower. There have been fortifications on the site for at least 2000 years.

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