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When they are coming in they have to line up perfectly straight and then they drop a hook which latches on to a short elastic band which pulls them to a stop just in time. If they do not line up properly they can hit people and other planes on the side of the run way, go over the edge and into the sea ruining the £54,000 jet or not land on the run way hitting into the boat and wrecking it and maybe sinking it. So landing a jet on an aircraft carrier is extremely hard.

Okay some of the answer above is correct with the exception of a few details. First they do not line up perfectly straight. The carrier landing area is at an angle so the pilot is making corrections all the way to landing because the landing area is moving away from him at an angle. The arresting gear is not elastic. It is a heavy steel cable that is connected to drums under flight deck.As the hook engages the cable it pulls the cable out and resisitance slows and stops the airplane. The resistance is preset based on the expected weight of the aircraft.

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