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The Roman Empire maintained its power through a policy of tolerance and through the army.

The Romans tolerated the religions and customs of the conquered peoples. They allowed them to continue to worship their religions and to follow their customs. They also allowed them to use their customary laws at the local level. They also let the local ruling classes run most of the local affairs. The Role of the Roman provincial governors was restricted to defence and maintenance of the legions stationed in the provinces, tax collection, public works and the arbitration of disputes the locals could not resolve by themselves. This policy had two advantages: it reduced the administrative load of the provincial governors and it facilitated the integration of the locals into the ideology and the economy of the empire. A less tolerant policy would have led to too many rebellions and would have threatened the stability of the empire.

The Roman army was important to Roman power in two ways; it was used to repress rebellions (the Romans were ruthless in cases of rebellion) and it defended the empire from increasing attacks and attempted invasions by the empire's neighbouring peoples.

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