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In the US, rifled guns (handguns, rifles, machine guns, and cannons (artillery) caliber is measured from "lands to lands" (inside the bore); in Europe caliber is measured from the grooves. The lands are the raised portion of the inside steel barrel (inside the bore), the grooves are the cut portion, the valleys of the bore's interior. Therefore, a 20" gun would measure close to 20 inches directly across from one "land" to the other "land." If you measure from groove to groove, the diameter will be larger.

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