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Old English has an unknown "start date" because it arose gradually from Anglo-Saxon languages and dialects, Angles, Jutes and Saxons having migrated to Britain from the 5th century. If you consider Anglo-Saxon to be essentially Old English, and the "end" of Old English to be the invasion in 1066 by Norman French, then one could say OE lasted around 600 years. However, Old English did not change to Middle English overnight, it was used for many years after 1066 especially by peasants while the French overlords spoke French. Over time the lords lost their French, and spoke something like what their vassals spoke, with many new words especially of French and Latin origin being added over time to OE as it became Middle English and much closer to what we speak now, Modern English.

As an example of the influence of the Norman French one has only to consider food and food animals. Cow is OE, beef is French. Sheep is OE, mutton is French. So the animal raisers gave the animals their names, while the lords named the resulting food.

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