The latest figures I can find online are for 2005. See the following link, page 32.
See related link below for official Army document.
There is more than one level of sergeant in the US Army, so I'll give a total, as well as the number by rank. I assume you mean active-duty US Army, and not US Army National Guard, and possibly not the US Army Reserve, but the document does not indicate whether the latter two organisations are included or not.
In the US Army, ranks E-5 (NATO OR-5) to E-9 (OR-9) are all variants of a sergeant.
It should be noted, for comparison to other armies, that this is not true of all armies.
In the British Army, by example, only OR-6 and OR-7 are sergeants (Sergeant and Colour/Staff-sergeant, respectively). OR-8 and OR-9 in the British Army are Warrant Officers. While addressed as Sergeants-Major, they are not considered Non-Commissioned Officers, or Sergeants.
Also, the role of fire-team leader, performed in the US Army by an OR-5 Sergeant is actually performed in the British Army by an OR-3 Lance-Corporal. The role of squad/section-commander, performed in the US Army by an OR-6 Staff-Sergeant, is performed in the British Army by an OR-4 Corporal. The British Army has no OR-5 grade. The role of second-in-command of a rifle platoon, which is performed in the British Army by a Sergeant, is performed in the US Army by a Sergeant First Class.
The roles assigned to different ranks, and the number of NCOs to privates, will be different in non-infantry units.
The total shown for ranks E-5 to E-9 is: 189,134
The totals by grades are below
E-9 (Sergeant Major of the Army; Command Sergeant Major; Sergeant Major): 3,409
E-8 (First Sergeant; Master Sergeant): 10,692
E-7 (Sergeant First Class): 37,810
E-6 (Staff Sergeant): 59,885
E-5 (Sergeant): 77,338
The same as all other men, enlisted or officer; only the insignia was different.
as many as you can count
In 1966 Army Chief of Staff Harold K. Johnson chose Sergeant Major William O. Wooldridge as the first Sergeart Major of the Army.
The Roman Army about 2,000 years ago. A junior NCO was a Sesquiplicarius- literally, a pay-and-a-half man. His pay was 50% more than a "sandal man" or foot soldier.
See related link 'Wikipedia - US Army Regimental System'
Yes, Drill Sergeants can do that.
Of the some 500,000 soldiers in the US Army there are probably about 5,000 Master Sergeants currently enlisted in the US Army. Keep in mind these numbers change daily as soldiers leave the Army.
Many sergeants, mostly Sergeants and Staff Sarges.
The same as all other men, enlisted or officer; only the insignia was different.
as many as you can count
In 1966 Army Chief of Staff Harold K. Johnson chose Sergeant Major William O. Wooldridge as the first Sergeart Major of the Army.
Assuming you mean Sergeants, one
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For the US military, basic pay currently is based on longevity...the length of time the servicemember has served. Additionally, in most militaries and in the branches of the US military, there are multiple rades where one is a sergeant. In the Army there are Sergeants, Staff Sergeants, Sergeants First Class, Master Sergeants, and more.To give you some range at the 2010 rates:Sergeant E-5, 3 years: $2199 per monthSergeant First Class E-7, 14 years: $3859Command Sergeant Major, 32 year: $6436You can locate military pay charts at: http://www.dfas.mil/militarypay.html
If it's on a math homework sheet the answer is THEY ALWAYS YELL TENSION
Staff Sergeants are generally placed in charge of squads, but can also act as platoon sergeants in the absence of a Sergeant First Class. In support units, Staff Sergeants ordinarily hold headquarters positions due to the amount of slots available for SSG in these units. Staff Sergeants are referred to as "Sergeant" except for in certain training environments and schools, or by the demand of the SSG him/herself. Source: answer.com