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Under the last of the Umayyad , the Arabian empire extended two hundred days' journey from east to west, from the confines of Tartary and India to the shores of the Atlantic Ocean . And if we retrench the sleeve of the robe, as it is styled by their writers, the long and narrow province of march of a caravan . We should vainly seek the indissoluble union and easy obedience that pervaded the government of Augustus and the Antonines ; but the progress of Islam diffused over this ample space a general resemblance of manners and opinions. The language and laws of the Quran were studied with equal devotion at Samarcand and Seville : the Moor and the Indian embraced as countrymen and brothers in the pilgrimage of Mecca ; and the Arabian language was adopted as the popular idiom in all the provinces to the westward of the Tigris .
The Muslim conquests brought about the collapse of the Sassanid Empire and a great territorial loss for the Byzantine Empire . The reasons for the Muslim success are hard to reconstruct in hindsight, primarily because only fragmentary sources from the period have survived. Most historians agree that the Sassanid Persian and Byzantine Roman empires were militarily and economically exhausted from decades of fighting one another . The rapid fall of Visigothic Spain remains more mysterious however.
Jews and Christians in Persia and Jews and Monophysites in Syria were dissatisfied and sometimes even welcomed the Muslim forces, largely because of religious conflict in both empires.[2] In the case of Byzantine Egypt , Palestine and Syria , these lands had only a few years before been reacquired from the Persians, and had not been ruled by the Byzantines for over 25 years.
Fred McGraw Donner , however, suggests that formation of a state in the peninsula and ideological (i.e. religious) coherence and mobilization was a primary reason why the Muslim armies in the space of a hundred years were able to establish the largest pre-modern empire until that time. The estimates for the size of the Islamic Caliphate suggest it was more than thirteen million square kilometers (five million square miles), making it larger than all current states except the Russian Federation .[3]
What else can I help you with?
How did the Muslim empire spread?
The caliphs expanded their empire as they saw fit, often for trade reasons or economic reasons. They expanded by conquering neighboring peoples, typically by violent means.
What effect did the Muslim conquests have on Mediterranean cultures?
the language of Arabic was spread (answer for studyisland)
Which Muslim empire treated its non-Muslim subjects the most fairly?
Early Islamic empire of the poise caliphs treated non Muslims fairly .
What was a lasting effect on European culture from the Muslim conquests?
The religion of Islam was spread. (study island answer)
What are some Muslim or Islamic conquests?
Following is the list of major Islamic conquests and battles; Battle of Qadisiyyah Battle of Covadonga Battle of Carthage Battle of Guadalete Battle of Nihawand Battle of Jalula Battle of Sebastopolis Battle of Bridge Battle of Rasil Battle of Tours
Who were caliphs?
They were the Muslim rulers.
What leader set up a muslim dynasty in Songhai?
Sunni Ali Ber, a military leader, established the Sunni dynasty in the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century. He expanded the territory and power of the empire through military conquests and strategic alliances.
Were caliphs Muslim rulers who succeeded Muhammad?
Yes. The Caliphs are the political successors to Muhammad.
What was the title of the Muslim Governors appointed by the caliphs?
The title was 'Wali' that was given to Muslim governors appointed by the caliphs.
Were the Umayyad Caliphs elected by the Muslim Ummah?
mostly
How did the Muslim empire spread?
The caliphs expanded their empire as they saw fit, often for trade reasons or economic reasons. They expanded by conquering neighboring peoples, typically by violent means.
What happened after Khalid ibn Walid became a Muslim?
He became a leading general in the Muslim army from Medina. He then valiantly led the conquests of the Levant and of Mesopotamia in the 630s C.E. He became a military governor of Iraq and then retired to Syria.
How did the Arabia empire grow?
The Arab Empire grew through conquests led by the Muslim armies expanding out from the Arabian Peninsula, driven by religious zeal, economic incentives, and expanding political power. The empire expanded rapidly through military campaigns and alliances, eventually stretching from Spain in the west to Persia in the east.
How did the Turkish migrations affect the Muslim world?
The Turkish migrations greatly expanded and empowered the Muslim World. The Seljuks and Ottomans were responsible for the last two great Muslim Empires and conquests. It was the Ottomans who pushed the boundaries of Islam all the way to the Gates of Vienna. On the eastern edge, the Turkish migrations into Xinjiang Province led to the development of the Hui People (Muslim Chinese).
Rulers of Muslim lands in the middle east and north Africa in the middle ages?
the answer of caliphs. For answers please go to google and type in define: caliphs
Who did the sunnis think was the leader of Muslim community?
The Caliphs including the Rashidun, the Umayyads, and the Abbassids.
Who were the mamelukes?
A mameluk was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages.
