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Alexanders father king Philip of Macedonia established himself as hegemon (leader) by the depression of some Greek states, political alliances and the dependency or subjection of others.

  • Philip first drove Phocis out of Thessaly freeing Thessaly and then subdued Phocis. Supported by Thebes and Thessaly, Macedon took control of Phocis' votes in the Amphictyonic League, a Greek religious organization formed to support the greater temples of Apollo and Demeter. Athens accepted Macedon into the League despite Demosthenes oration warning that Philip was a threat to Athenian independence and place among the Greek states.
  • Most of the Peloponnesians saw Philip as the guarantor of their freedom and sent a joint embassy to Athens to express their grievances against Demosthenes' activities. In response to these complaints, Demosthenes delivered the Second Philippic, a vehement personal attack against Philip.
  • Chaeronea saw the Greek allied states led by Athens and the Greek allied states led by Macedon meet on the battlefield. Macedon was victorious and formed the league of Corinth which united Greece in Philips campaign against Greece's long-time enemy, Persia.
As the hegemony or first place among Greek states had passed successively from Athens to Sparta, and to Thebes, so now it passed to Macedon. The statement that Greek liberty perished on the plain of Chaeronea is as true or as false as that it perished on the field of Leuctra or the strand of the Goat's River. Whenever a Greek state became supreme, that supremacy entailed the depression of some states and the dependency or subjection of others. Athens was reduced to a secondary place by Macedon, and Thebes fared still worse; but we must not forget what Sparta, in the day of her triumph, did to Athens, or the more evil things which Thebes proposed. _ Historian, J.B. Bury
  • On his assassination, his son Alexander took over. When Thebes allied itself with Persia and revolted. Alexander TURNED OVER the decision of what was to be done with Thebes to the ALLIES in the Corinthian league who participated in the military action.

"These decided to secure the Cadmea with a garrison, but to raze the city to the ground and distribute amongst the allies' whatever lands were not sacred. Women and children, and any surviving Theban men, they would sell into slavery". - Arrian 1.9.9-10

With Greece stabilized, Alexander turned his sights to Persia oppressing the Greeks in Asia Minor as his father had planned.

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