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The other two major powers Muslim powers at the time were the Ottoman (Sunni) and Safavid (Shia.) These three empires are not very different politically from each other. Perhaps the greatest difference was that of their respective cultures. While the three did influence and share much culture, a simple look at some of their iconic aspects such as architecture, paintings, technology literature and even weaponry, one can see they are quite distinct from one another.

The Mughal empire was also very cosmopolitan compared to the other two, under its height the Mughal Empire became home to Turks, Persians, Mongols, Ethiopians, Frenchmen, Kazakhs, Arabs, Englishmen, dutch, Jesuits, Uzbek, Armenians, Afghans as well as the countless ethnic nations of India, too name but a few. All of these counted as part of its ever growing culture which is felt even today. The Mughals Empires official language was initially Turkish, then Persian and finally Urdu, a language that developed due to the mixing of people in its bustling environment.

Finally, the way the armies were organized were distinct too, compared to that of the Ottomans and Safavids.

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