How were the changes that took place in the medieval church?

Answer 1

The medieval church underwent significant changes, particularly during the early to late Middle Ages, as it transitioned from a primarily spiritual authority to a powerful political entity. The establishment of the papacy as a central authority led to the consolidation of power, exemplified by the Investiture Controversy, which highlighted the struggle between church and state. Additionally, the rise of monastic orders and the Crusades expanded the church's influence, while the eventual emergence of reform movements in the late medieval period, such as those led by figures like Martin Luther, began to challenge its practices and authority. These shifts contributed to the eventual fragmentation of Christianity and the onset of the Reformation.