How were the they made the pyramids by whom?

Answer 1

Building a pyramid was dirty, difficult and dangerous work. It required meticulous planning and organization. Thousands toiled in the blazing Egyptian sun for twenty years to build the Great Pyramid of King Khufu.

Two varieties of stone were used, limestone and granite. The limestone which made up the bulk of the pyramid was quarried locally. The granite had to be brought from the quarries at Aswan to where the pyramid was being built. They were transported on the Nile River in massive reed boats. The average weight of one of the pyramid's stone block is two and half tonnes.

To complete the Great Pyramid at Giza, one stone block was quarried, shaped and placed in position every two minutes for 20 years. It was this hard monotonous work that was done by slaves. This was an era of slave labour and none were more expert in directing their slaves than the ancient Egyptians. The slaves were naked, as beasts of burden, too low in status to be given clothes.

Building plans showing how the pyramid was built have never been found, experts use present knowledge about construction to make some intelligent guesses. One can see though how the ancient Egyptians were ingenious people as you look at the work it took to build a pyramid.

The limestone blocks were cut out in the quarries close the pyramid site. Most of these blocks were roughly cut to size. Only where precision was needed were they dressed and trimmed often to an exacting standard by skilled masons. Once the limestone blocks quarried they were hauled on sledges along a causeway by gangs of slaves. Water was poured around the sledges to help them slide.

A spiralling ramp of mud, brick and rubble was used to haul the blocks to the level where building was going on. Once at the working level the blocks were manhandled into position by levers and brute force by further gangs of slaves called setters. Once relieved of their load the hauliers would then make their weary way back down the ramp to start the whole process again.

A canal connected the pyramid site with the Nile. Here granite brought down from Aswan and fine limestone from Tura was unloaded. These were special stones that involved a lot of preparation in their quarrying, dressing and transportation. A vast amount of labour, of quarrymen, masons, scribes and of course slaves.