The Hellenic civilization took place in what country?

Answer 1

Hellene is what the Greek peoples called themselves. Greek is a misnomer originated by the Romans who mistook them for a tribe in southern Italy called the Graeci.

So Hellenic civilization developed initially in mainland Greece, and was transplanted around the Mediterranean and Black Seas by the colonies which the Greek city-states sent out to relieve their over-population.

Further, when Alexander the Great conquered the east, he began establishing cities based on the Greek model of the city-state, and with a veneer of Greek culture (there were about a dozen Alexandrias alone). His successors - his generals - carved up his eastern empire and formed kingdoms - today known as the Hellenistic Kingdoms - and in these kingdoms continued establishing city-states on the Greek model (eg Antioch in Syria was named after its Greek founder Antiochos). This incorporated most of the Middle East, including present-day Turkey, Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine/Israel and Egypt.